Security in the age of digitalisation: risks, defences and future prospects: Rischi, difese e prospettive future

Abstract

Digital security is a fundamental aspect of the digital age, in which global interconnection and the invasive use of advanced technologies expose individuals, organisations and governments to various critical issues such as cybercrime threats. This article examines the main risks associated with data security, including cyber attacks and privacy breaches, and the growing sophistication of threats such as ransomware and phishing. It analyses the defence strategies adopted to counter these dangers, focusing on encryption techniques, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems, which are at the heart of modern cyber protection. It also explores the central role of privacy regulations and personal data protection, such as the GDPR in the European Union, which require companies to take appropriate measures to ensure the security of sensitive information. The article delves into the ethical challenges associated with data management, including the collection and use of personal information, and the balance between privacy protection and public safety. Particular attention is paid to emerging technologies that are irreversibly changing the digital security landscape. Artificial intelligence, for example, offers advanced tools for threat detection and prevention, but at the same time introduces new risks related to the misuse of technologies. Similarly, blockchain, while promising greater transparency and security in transactions, raises questions about its applicability in broader and less monitorable contexts that can catalyse unpredictable criminal developments. Finally, the article discusses future trends and looming challenges in the field of digital security, highlighting the importance of an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to address its rapid evolution.