N. 3 (2025)
Sicurezza nei contesti urbani e nuove paure tra percezione, innovazione e inclusione

3/2025

La città scrutata. Governance e disuguaglianze negli ecosistemi digitali urbani

Pubblicato 09-11-2025

  • Rosario Palese
    • ,
  • Giovanna Truda

Rosario Palese
Universidad de Salamanca

Giovanna Truda
Università degli Studi di Salerno

Abstract

La digitalizzazione urbana configura un paradigma di governance che ridefinisce simultaneamente efficienza amministrativa e stratificazione sociale. Attraverso un'analisi interdisciplinare che integra dati empirici europei e italiani, il contributo problematizza l'assunto tecnologico-deterministico della neutralità digitale, evidenziando come l'emergere della “città scrutata” generi nuove forme di disuguaglianza territoriale e sociale. L'integrazione di sistemi di sorveglianza pervasivi, algoritmi predittivi e infrastrutture 5G configura ecosistemi socio-tecnici complessi che amplificano le disparità preesistenti piuttosto che democratizzare l'accesso. L'analisi dei dati ICR 2024 documenta significative asimmetrie Nord-Sud nelle competenze digitali e nell'implementazione tecnologica, mentre i framework normativi europei (GDPR, standard ISO) risultano inadeguati per governare la complessità emergente. La ricerca delinea la necessità di approcci metodologici innovativi che bilancino efficienza operativa, protezione dei diritti fondamentali e inclusione territoriale, configurando la governance algoritmica quale imperativo democratico per gli ecosistemi urbani contemporanei.

Parole chiave

Città scrutata, Governance algoritmica, Ecosistemi socio-tecnici, Apartheid digitale, Digitalizzazione urbana

PDF

Biografia dell'autore

Giovanna Truda

Giovanna Truda (Salerno, 1970) è professoressa di Sociologia giuridica, della devianza e Sociologia delle politiche di genere presso l’Università degli Studi di Salerno. Nel 2023 è Visiting Accademic - Department of Sociology, University of Oxford (UK). Dal 2024 è membro del Comitè de recherche «Études socio-juridiques» AISLF. È responsabile scientifico del Centre for Socio-Legal studies and Criminology - CeSlec.

Tra le sue pubblicazioni: Diferença e diferir: estudos sobre o presente (a cura di) con R. De Giorgi e J. Neuenschwander Magalhães, (Revista de Faculdade Mineira de Direito, 2024); El derecho y el futuro. Revolución digital y cultura jurídica (Estado de México Jurista Editores, 2023); Che genere di guerra. Il diritto umano alla pace e le donne (Franco Angeli, 2023).

Riferimenti bibliografici

  1. Allam, Z., Sharifi, A., Bibri, S. E., & Chabaud, D. (2022). Emerging Trends and Knowledge Structures of Smart Urban Governance. Sustainability, 14(9), 5275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095275
  2. Babintsev, V., Khripkov, K., Khripkova, D., Gaidukova, G., & Shapoval, Z. (2022). Negative consequences of risks of digitalisation for consolidation of urban communities. E3S Web of Conferences, 363, 04064. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236304064
  3. Bernik, I., Prislan, K., & Mihelič, A. (2022). Country Life in the Digital Era: Comparison of Technology Use and Cybercrime Victimization between Residents of Rural and Urban Environments in Slovenia. Sustainability, 14(21), 14487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114487
  4. Bignami, F., Calzada, I., Hanakata, N., & Tomasello, F. (2023). Data-Driven Citizenship Regimes in Contemporary Urban Scenarios: An Introduction. Citizenship Studies, 27(2), 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2022.2147262
  5. Buchert, U., Wrede, S., & Kouvonen, A. (2023). Persisting inequalities in the digitalized society: migrant women facing coercive dimensions of everyday digitalization. Information, Communication & Society, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2023.2230265
  6. Büchi, M., Festic, N., & Latzer, M. (2018). How Social Well-Being Is Affected by Digital Inequalities. International Journal of Communication, 12, 21. https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-167385
  7. Chan, N. K. (2021). Political Inequality in the Digital World: The Puzzle of Asian American Political Participation Online. Political Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912920945391
  8. Chandra, R., & Singh, S. (2024). Digital inequalities: Its impact on quality of life among the young generation. Contemporary Social Sciences, 33(1), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.62047/CSS.2024.03.31.59
  9. Chen, W., & Miao, J. (2023). Does the internet moderate the neighborhood effect? Internet use, neighborhoods, and mental health among older adults in Shanghai. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032267
  10. Cook, M., & Karvonen, A. (2024). Urban planning and the knowledge politics of the smart city. Urban Studies, 61(2), 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231177688
  11. FPA Digital360. (2024). ICR 2024 Report: ICity Rank - La digitalizzazione dei Comuni italiani. FPA Digital360. https://inumeridibolognametropolitana.it/sites/inumeridibolognametropolitana.it/files/altri_enti/fpa/icr-2024report.pdf
  12. Goedhart, N. S., Verdonk, P., & Dedding, C. (2022). “Never good enough.” A situated understanding of the impact of digitalization on citizens living in a low socioeconomic position. Policy & Internet, 14(4), 824–844. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.315
  13. González-Anleo, J. M., Delbello, L., Martínez-Gonzálo, J. M., & Gómez, A. (2024). Sociodemographic impact on the adoption of emerging technologies. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 34(2), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.122089
  14. González-Relaño, R., Lucendo-Monedero, A. L., & Ivaldi, E. (2024). Household and Individual Digitisation and Deprivation: A Comparative Analysis Between Italian and Spanish Regions. Social Indicators Research, 175, 899–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03151-4
  15. Gracias, J. S., Parnell, G. S., Specking, E., Pohl, E. A., & Buchanan, R. (2023). Smart Cities - A Structured Literature Review. Smart Cities, 6(4), 1719–1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040080
  16. Hatuka, T. (2024). A conceptual framework for understanding neighbourhoods in the digital age. Urban Studies, 61(16), 3232–3246. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241257392
  17. Hochschild, A. R., & Machung, A. (2012). The second shift: Working families and the revolution at home. Penguin Books.
  18. Hsu, A., Li, L., Schletz, M., & Yu, Z. (2024). Chinese cities as digital environmental governance innovators: Evidence from subnational low-carbon plans. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808323118662
  19. Hu, Y., & Qian, Y. (2024). Gendering digital labor: work and family digital communication across 29 countries. Community, Work & Family, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2024.2373852
  20. ISTAT. (2023). Economia e ambiente: Principali indicatori – Anni 2021-2023. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. https://www.istat.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/REPORTECONOMIAAMBIENTE_20250221.pdf
  21. ITU. (2025). Measuring digital development: State of digital development and trends in the Europe region - Challenges and opportunities. International Telecommunication Union. https://www.itu.int/pub/D-IND-SDDT_EUR-2025
  22. Kaluarachchi, Y. (2022). Implementing Data-Driven Smart City Applications for Future Cities. Smart Cities, 5(2), 455–474. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5020025
  23. Karmaker, A. K., Islam, S. M. R., Kamruzzaman, M., Rashid, M. M. U., Faruque, M. O., & Hossain, M. A. (2023). Smart City Transformation: An Analysis of Dhaka and Its Challenges and Opportunities. Smart Cities, 6(2), 1087-1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6020052
  24. Khan, M. A. (2024). Digital Urbanism: Redefining Cityscapes. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6(3). https://www.ijfmr.com/
  25. Kiviaho, A., & Einolander, J. (2023). Digital transformation, well-being and shrinking communities: Narrowing the divides between urban and rural. Heliyon, 9(8), e18801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18801
  26. Kolotouchkina, O., Ripoll González, L., & Belabas, W. (2024). Smart Cities, Digital Inequalities, and the Challenge of Inclusion. Smart Cities, 7(6), 3355–3370. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7060130
  27. Kühn, C., Khoo, S., Czerniewicz, L., Lilley, W., Bute, S. J. R., Crean, A., Abegglen, S., Burns, T., Sinfield, S., Jandrić, P., Knox, J., & MacKenzie, A. (2023). Understanding Digital Inequality: A Theoretical Kaleidoscope (pp. 333–373). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35411-3_17
  28. Lee, H. Y., Kanthawala, S., Choi, E. Y., & Kim, Y. S. (2021). Rural and non-rural digital divide persists in older adults: Internet access, usage, and attitudes toward technology. Gerontechnology, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.4017/gt.2021.20.2.32-472.12
  29. Lekkas, C.-K., & Souitaris, V. (2023). Bureaucracy meets digital reality: The unfolding of urban platforms in European municipal governments. Organization Studies, 44(10), 1649-1678. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406221130857
  30. Liotta, L. A. (2023). Digitalization and social inclusion: Bridging the digital divide in underprivileged communities. Global International Journal of Innovative Research, 7, 7-14. https://global-us.mellbaou.com/
  31. Ma, Z., & Wu, F. (2023). Smart City, Digitalization and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from 353 Cities in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010225
  32. OECD. (2023). Smart City Data Governance (Report e57ce301-en). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/e57ce301-en
  33. Oser, J. (2022). How Citizenship Norms and Digital Media Use Affect Political Participation: A Two-Wave Panel Analysis. Media and Communication, 10(3), 206–218. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i3.5482
  34. Reyes, L. (2023). Experiences of Civic Participation Among Older African American and Latinx Immigrant Adults in the Context of an Ageist and Racist Society. Research on Aging, 45(1), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/01640275221094288
  35. Robinson, L., Chen, W., Schulz, J., & Khilnani, A. (2018). Digital Inequality Across Major Life Realms. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1159–1166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773800
  36. Savela, N., Latikka, R., Lahtinen, J., & Oksanen, A. (2024). Robots are coming to town: A visual experiment on urban belonging and anxiety. Cities, 144, 104640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104640
  37. Shao, Q., & Kostka, G. (2023). The COVID-19 pandemic and deepening digital inequalities in China. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102644
  38. Shores, K., Ben-Porath, S., & Jefferson, M. (2019). Disparities in Modes and Content of Civic Engagement: An Analysis Using Data from the Current Population Survey. Social Science Quarterly, 101(1), 241-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12725
  39. StandICT.eu. (2023). Smart Cities Landscape Report 2023 (Booklet V1.0). StandICT.eu Consortium.
  40. Suter, A., Kaiser, L., Dušek, M., Hasler, F., & Tappert, S. (2024). Digital Rights to the City: Local Practices and Negotiations of Urban Space on Decidim. Urban Planning, 9(1), Article 7065. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.7065
  41. Theocharis, Y., de Moor, J., & van Deth, J. W. (2019). Digitally networked participation and lifestyle politics as new modes of political participation. Policy & Internet, 11(2), 145-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.231
  42. Vassilakopoulou, P., & Hustad, E. (2021). Bridging Digital Divides: A Literature Review and Research Agenda for Information Systems Research. Information Systems Frontiers, 25, 955–969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10096-3
  43. World Bank & ITU. (2025). Measuring National ICT Sector Environmental Impact: Arcep Case Study. World Bank Group & International Telecommunication Union.
  44. World Inequality Lab. (2024). Activity report 2024. Paris School of Economics. https://wid.world/news-article/2024-activity-report/
  45. Xiao, A., Xu, Z., Škare, M., Qin, Y., & Wang, X. (2024). Bridging the digital divide: the impact of technological innovation on income inequality and human interactions. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03307-8
  46. Yang, J., & Zhang, M. (2023). Beyond structural inequality: a socio-technical approach to the digital divide in the platform environment. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 10, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02326-1
  47. Ylipulli, J., & Hämäläinen, J. (2023). Towards Practice-oriented Framework for Digital Inequality in Smart Cities. In The 11th International Conference on Communities and Technologies (C&T '23), May 29–June 02, 2023, Lahti, Finland. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3593743.3593781